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# Misdiagnosis Association and Research Institute | MARI

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## Posts
- [DIAGNOSTIC DELAYS IN ENDOMETRIOSIS](https://mariresearch.com/diagnostic-delays-in-endometriosis/): Diagnostic delay of endometriosis is multifactorial, involving normalization of menstrual pain, nonspecific and overlapping symptoms, limited awareness among healthcare professionals and healthcare-system barriers. These can contribute to mismedicine, as delayed recognition may prolong suffering and delay appropriate treatment (Beigi, 2023).
- [Lost in Translation: Misinterpretation of Verbal Symptoms and Non-Verbal Cues in Multilingual Patient Populations](https://mariresearch.com/lost-in-translation-misinterpretation-of-verbal-symptoms-and-non-verbal-cues-in-multilingual-patient-populations/): Dr. Beigi coined mismedicine to capture medical failures that produce harm, extending beyond malpractice to communicative and systemic breakdowns (Blissy, 2024). The mechanism this article traces is a chain: a patient reaches for words they lack or expresses distress through a gesture the clinician misreads; the clinician, under time pressure and without interpreter support, fills that gap with assumption rather than fact; the assumption becomes a diagnostic error; the error causes harm. Each link is a point where mismedicine can take hold. This pattern is well documented in Canada: the Canadian Adverse Events Study found 7.5% of acute care patients experience a serious adverse event, over one-third preventable (Baker et al., 2004), and a CMPA review found communication breakdown in 76% of internal medicine cases involving peer criticism (CMPA, 2022). Harvard’s CRICO Strategies found communication failures contributed to 30% of 23,000 malpractice claims, rising to 40% by 2025 (CRICO Strategies, 2015; Candello, 2025).
- [ADHD Misdiagnosed as Anxiety](https://mariresearch.com/adhd-misdiagnosed-as-anxiety/): ADHD or Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder is a neurodevelopmental disorder that exhibits striving symptoms of inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity that impact development and daily life. ADHD symptoms usually start during childhood years and usually persist into adulthood. The condition of ADHD affects one’s academic accomplishments, work performance, social relations, and quality of life (Faraone, Asherson, Banaschewski, et al., 2021).
- [Artificial Intelligence in Cancer Detection and Treatment](https://mariresearch.com/artificial-intelligence-in-cancer-detection-and-treatment/): Oncology tools based on Artificial Intelligence (AI) often use medical images and genomic information to help identify and classify cancer. This allows clinicians to make treatment decisions based on how a patient is likely to respond (Bhinder et al., 2021; Hunter et al., 2022; Khosravi et al., 2025). Cancer continues to be a major global health problem, with close to 20 million new cases and 9.7 million deaths estimated worldwide in 2022 (Bhinder et al., 2021; Bray et al., 2024). At the same time, AI has become integrated into cancer research and clinical care, with advances in machine learning, computing power, and the large clinical datasets contributing to its development in oncology (Bhinder et al., 2021). The number of cancer cases is also expected to increase in the future, with around 35 million new cases by 2050 (Bray et al., 2024). Since treatment outcomes generally improve when cancer is detected early, oncology has become an important area where AI is being developed for diagnosis and treatment planning (Bhinder et al., 2021; Crosby et al., 2022). This article looks at how AI-based cancer detection and treatment tools work, their benefits and limitations, and how they may either minimize or contribute to mismedicine.
- [Deep Brain Stimulation for Parkinson’s Disease: The Importance of Accurate Diagnosis](https://mariresearch.com/deep-brain-stimulation-for-parkinsons-disease-the-importance-of-accurate-diagnosis/): Parkinson's disease is a progressive neurological disorder that causes the degradation and eventual loss of dopamine producing brain cells neurons in the area of the midbrain that produces dopamine and helps regulate movement, the substantia nigra (Rocha et al., 2025). This disease is characterized by tremor, muscle stiffness, bradykinesia (unusually slow movement), and postural instability (difficulty maintaining balance) (Rocha et al., 2025). Medications that imitate dopamine, such as Levodopa, are often used to relieve motor symptoms in the early stages of Parkinson's, but many patients eventually develop motor fluctuations and dyskinesias, involuntary and uncontrolled movements, that become increasingly difficult to manage with solely medication (Dallapiazza et al., 2018; National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), n.d).
- [Transthyretin Amyloidosis: From Disease Mechanisms to Emerging Therapeutic Innovations](https://mariresearch.com/transthyretin-amyloidosis-from-disease-mechanisms-to-emerging-therapeutic-innovations/): Transthyretin (TTR) is a transport protein in the blood primarily synthesized in the liver (accounting for up to 95% of circulating TTR) with a smaller portion produced in the choroid plexus of the brain (Sanguinetti et al., 2022). Structurally, TTR exists as a homotetramer composed of four identical monomers, which provides stability and enables its function in transporting thyroxine (T4) and retinol indirectly through retinol-binding protein (Yee et al., 2019). In ATTR, this stability is compromised, leading to dissociation into monomers that misfold and aggregate into insoluble β-sheet-rich amyloid fibrils (Yee et al., 2019). These fibrils deposit in tissues and lead to progressive organ dysfunction, most notably in the heart and peripheral nervous system, resulting in restrictive cardiomyopathy, arrhythmias, and neuropathy (Maurer et al., 2019).
- [AI-Based Dermatology Diagnostic Tools: Promise, Limits, and Their Role in Mismedicine](https://mariresearch.com/ai-based-dermatology-diagnostic-tools-promise-limits-and-their-role-in-mismedicine/): AI-based dermatology diagnostic tools are generally trained on large image datasets to recognize patterns associated with specific skin conditions (Behara et al., 2024; Choy et al., 2023). Using machine learning, particularly deep learning, these systems can assist in detecting conditions such as melanoma, basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and certain inflammatory skin diseases (Behara et al., 2024; Choy et al., 2023). Since these tools are designed to support the detection of complex skin conditions, they are generally not intended to replace dermatologists; instead, they function as decision-support systems that help clinicians interpret lesions more consistently and efficiently (Behara et al., 2024; U.S. Food and Drug Administration , 2025).
- [Gender-Sensitive Screening and the Recognition of Depression in Men](https://mariresearch.com/gender-sensitive-screening-and-the-recognition-of-depression-in-men/): Introduction Depression screening is widely used to help identify people who may need further mental health assessment. In many clinical settings, screening tools focus mainly on more typical depressive symptoms, such as sadness, hopelessness, and loss of interest. However, research suggests that some men may express depression in ways that are less typical and may be easier to miss within traditional screening frameworks (Jabłonka et al., 2026; Maurer et al., 2018). When early signs of distress do not fit the most familiar pattern, opportunities for timely support and treatment may be missed. In response, gender-sensitive depression screening has been proposed as a broader approach to early identification that recognizes depression may not always appear in the same way across individuals. This article examines what gender-sensitive depression screening is, why it may be helpful, and what limitations should be considered when applying it in practice. What Is Gender-Sensitive Depression Screening? Traditional depression screening often uses brief questionnaires to identify people who may need further evaluation. In this context, screening is a first step rather than a final diagnosis. It helps flag individuals who may need fuller clinical assessment, but a positive screening result does not confirm depression on its own (Lang et al., 2025; Maurer et al., 2018). Gender-sensitive depression screening follows the same basic purpose, but it changes the logic of what may count as an early sign of depression. More specifically, this approach is based on the idea that depression may not always appear in the same way across individuals. Because screening often functions as the first step in deciding who may need further assessment, what a screening tool is designed to notice matters. If early screening focuses mainly on familiar internalizing symptoms such as sadness, hopelessness, withdrawal, or loss of interest, some externalizing behaviors that may be relevant in some men, such as anger, irritability, substance use, or risk-taking, may be easier to overlook (Jabłonka et al., 2026). In this sense, when screening systems are less able to recognize unfamiliar forms of distress, the result may reflect a form of mismedicine, a concept developed by Dr. Pooya Beigi to describe healthcare problems involving misinterpretation, delay, or failure to meet patients’ needs within existing systems (Blissy, 2024). Gender-sensitive screening responds to this problem by broadening what may count as an early sign of depression. Its goal is not to label all men in the same way, but to reduce the chance that depression is missed simply because distress appears in a less familiar form. Why It May Help Gender-sensitive depression screening may be helpful not only because it broadens the list of symptoms considered, but also because it may reduce a particular kind of early misreading. When depression is expected to look mainly like sadness, hopelessness, or withdrawal, some behavioral signs of distress may be interpreted as separate problems rather than possible signs of depression (Jabłonka et al., 2026; Maurer et al., 2018). A broader screening approach may therefore help clinicians consider whether these behaviors are part of a larger pattern of distress instead of viewing them in isolation. This may matter especially in cases where depressive symptoms do not appear in a clear or familiar form. Research suggests that higher masculine depression scores are associated with greater acute mental health burden, which indicates that these presentations are not simply minor variations in style or personality (von Zimmermann et al., 2026). In this sense, gender-sensitive screening may be useful not because it offers a final answer, but because it can widen the first step of recognition and make it easier to notice depressive risk that might otherwise remain fragmented or underestimated (Jabłonka et al., 2026). And if these signs are identified earlier, individuals may have more opportunities to receive timely support, fuller assessment, and appropriate follow-up care. Limitations and Risks Although gender-sensitive depression screening offers a promising broader perspective, several limitations should be considered. First, the current evidence base is still developing. Existing studies suggest that these tools may improve recognition of some male-typical or externalizing depressive presentations, but more long-term research is still needed before strong conclusions can be made about their clinical usefulness (Jabłonka et al., 2026). In addition, some newer screening tools appear promising overall, but not every part of them performs equally well. This means clinicians should be careful about treating any single score as a definitive indicator, especially when the boundary between depression, stress, substance-related coping, and other forms of distress is not always easy to separate (Pellowski et al., 2025). Second, the cultural scope of current gender-sensitive screening tools is still limited. Some tools emphasize more outward expressions such as anger, substance use, or risk-taking, but this focus may not capture all culturally shaped ways that men experience or communicate distress. For example, men in some Chinese or East Asian contexts may express or manage distress through culturally valued forms of endurance, such as working harder, avoiding complaint, or framing emotional strain as a private failure to meet family responsibilities (Rochelle, 2019). If screening tools rely too heavily on one model of male depressive expression, they may still miss forms of distress that are shaped by different cultural expectations. This cultural variability is therefore an important limitation to consider when applying gender-sensitive screening across different populations. Third, gender-sensitive screening can be misunderstood if it is presented too narrowly. Externalizing depressive symptoms may be especially relevant in some men, but they are not exclusive to men. Research has suggested that so-called masculine or externalizing depressive patterns may also appear in women, which means these tools should be used carefully and without reinforcing rigid stereotypes about gender and mental health (von Zimmermann et al., 2026). Finally, screening itself has limits. A screening tool can suggest that further assessment may be needed, but it cannot replace diagnosis or clinical judgment (Lang et al., 2025; Maurer et al., 2018). The issue is not that screening literally becomes diagnosis, but that first-pass tools can still shape what gets noticed first, what gets prioritized, and what kind of follow-up happens next. This point is especially important because routine questionnaire-based screening does not always improve health outcomes and may also create new problems, such as false positives, unnecessary referrals, or inefficient use of clinical resources (Lang et al., 2025). For that reason, gender-sensitive screening may be most appropriate when used carefully as part of a broader clinical process rather than as a stand-alone answer. Conclusion Gender-sensitive screening highlights an important idea: depression does not always appear in the same way across individuals. By paying attention to a wider range of possible symptoms, this approach may help reduce some early recognition gaps in men’s depression. At the same time, current tools still require further validation and cannot replace careful clinical judgment. A more realistic goal may be to use gender-sensitive screening as a complementary aid within a broader and more flexible assessment process (Jabłonka et al., 2026; Lang et al., 2025). A useful next step would be to test these tools in real clinical settings where positive screening results are followed by clear procedures for further assessment, referral, and support. From a mismedicine perspective, broader symptom recognition is most meaningful when it is followed by accurate assessment and appropriate care. Future research should also continue to examine how male-specific depressive expressions vary across cultural contexts, so that gender-sensitive screening can become more responsive to the different ways distress is expressed and recognized in practice. Key Questions & Answers Why might traditional depression screening miss some men? Traditional depression screening often focuses on more familiar symptoms such as sadness, hopelessness, and loss of interest. However, some men may express depression in less typical ways, including irritability, anger, substance use, or risk-taking behaviors. Because these patterns may be less emphasized in conventional screening frameworks, early signs of depression can be easier to overlook. What is gender-sensitive depression screening? Gender-sensitive depression screening is a broader approach to early identification. Instead of focusing only on typical internalizing symptoms, it also considers some externalizing or behavioral patterns that may be relevant in certain individuals, including some men. Its purpose is not to replace diagnosis, but to reduce the chance that less typical depressive presentations are missed during initial screening. Can gender-sensitive screening replace clinical diagnosis? No. Screening tools can only suggest that further evaluation may be needed. They do not confirm depression on their own. A positive screening result still needs to be followed by fuller clinical assessment and professional judgment. This is one reason why gender-sensitive screening is better understood as a complementary tool rather than a stand-alone solution. How can gender-sensitive screening relate to mismedicine? Mismedicine can occur when depression is not recognized early because symptoms fall outside the most familiar pattern. In this context, gender-sensitive screening may help reduce one form of mismedicine by making overlooked symptoms more visible. At the same time, these tools must still be used carefully. If they are applied too rigidly or without proper follow-up, they may create new problems instead of fully solving existing ones. References Blissy. (2024, August 9). Why Your Skin Issue Might Be Misdiagnosed! Dr. Beigi’s Insights | The Blissy Experience Ep. 10. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yA7PpiNM600 Jabłonka, D., Łądkowska, M., Kossak, N., Modzelewski, S., & Waszkiewicz, N. (2026). Gender-Sensitive Depression Scales: A Review of Male-Specific Assessment Tools. Diagnostics, 16(6), 925. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics16060925 Lang, E., Gray, C., LeBlanc, J. C., Colquhoun, H., & Traversy, G. (2025). Recommendation on screening adults for depression using a screening tool. Canadian Medical Association Journal, 197(35), E1132–E1143. https://doi.org/10.1503/cmaj.250237 Maurer, D. M., Raymond, T. J., & Davis, B. N. (2018). Depression: Screening and Diagnosis. PubMed, 98(8), 508–515. Pellowski, J. S., Ebert, D. D., & Christiansen, H. (2025). Validation of a gender-specific binary depression screening version (GIDS-15) in two German samples. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 16. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2025.1469436 Rochelle, T. L. (2019). Health and Help-Seeking Behavior Among Chinese Men in Hong Kong: The Influence of Culture. Psychology of Men & Masculinity, 20(1), 71–81. https://doi.org/10.1037/men0000146 von Zimmermann, C., Weinland, C., Kornhuber, J., Lenz, B., & Mühle, C. (2026). Masculine depression and acute mental health burden. Scientific Reports, 16(1). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-44727-7         Provided and edited by the members of MARI Research, Error in Medicine Foundation and MISMEDICINE Research Institute, including Dingbo Wu, Erika Schaller, Rojina Nariman and Dr. Pooya Beigi MD. MSc.
- [Diagnostic Challenges in Early-Onset Neonatal Sepsis](https://mariresearch.com/diagnostic-challenges-in-early-onset-neonatal-sepsis/): The pathophysiology of EOS begins with the transmission of pathogens from the mother to the newborn during pregnancy and/or delivery (Raturi & Chandran, 2024). Pathogens such as bacteria known as Group B streptococcus can ascend to the maternal urinary system and be transmitted to the newborn passing through the birth canal, thus leading to early colonization and invasion into the newborn right after birth (Raturi & Chandran, 2024). Generally, bacteria can enter the neonatal bloodstream, initiate inflammatory reactions, and trigger their immature immune system. Raturi & Chandran (2024) described this inflammatory response as mediated by pro-inflammatory cytokines, including interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha, which contribute to widespread endothelial activation and increased vascular permeability (Raturi & Chandran, 2024). Consequently, this inflammatory response results in impaired perfusion, septic shock, and multi-organ dysfunction (Raturi & Chandran, 2024). It is of note that the clinical signs of EOS are nonspecific, as any pathophysiological processes may advance without proper identification, causing delayed diagnosis and disease progression (Raturi & Chandran, 2024).
- [Cariprazine and the Future of Mood and Psychotic Disorder Treatment](https://mariresearch.com/cariprazine-and-the-future-of-mood-and-psychotic-disorder-treatment/): Psychopharmacological advances in the field of medicine have led to treatments for the more complex psychiatric diseases like schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and major depressive disorder (MDD). One of the latest products is cariprazine, a third-generation atypical antipsychotic with a novel molecular feature and vast therapeutic relevance. With its approval by the FDA for schizophrenia and bipolar I disorder, and more recently for treatment of MDD, cariprazine has generated a good treatment response across a broad spectrum of symptom groups, including anxiety and depression.
- [Postpartum Depression: Potential Treatments](https://mariresearch.com/postpartum-depression-potential-treatments/): The transition to motherhood is often portrayed as a time of fulfillment. However, for many women this period is marked by emotional challenges. Postpartum depression (PPD) is one such complication. It is one of the most common and debilitating mental health conditions affecting new mothers, impacting over 20% of new mothers globally (Stewart & Vigod, 2019; Meltzer-Brody et al., 2018). PPD is characterized by feelings of intense sadness and hopelessness that can last from two weeks to years after childbirth. It is estimated that 13% of patients with PPD experience symptoms two years postpartum (Stewart & Vigod, 2019). 20% of women with PPD experience suicidal thoughts and many experience substance abuse and self harm (Meltzer-Brody et al., 2018). Infants are at a higher risk of poor attachment and impaired cognitive, social, and emotional development (Stewart & Vigod, 2019).
- [Impact of Delayed Diagnosis of Oral Cancer](https://mariresearch.com/impact-of-delayed-diagnosis-of-oral-cancer/): Delays in diagnosing oral cancer arise from a combination of patient-, clinician-, and system-level factors. At the patient level, limited awareness of early symptoms, fear of cancer diagnosis, and attributing symptoms to minor dental problems may lead to a delay in seeking help (Lima et al., 2021). Patient delays could also be exacerbated by system-level factors, such as limited dental service availability, financial barriers, and reduced access to dental care (González-Moles et al., 2022). Although some patient-related behaviors are beyond the clinician's control, lack of symptom awareness is a preventable factor that clinicians can address. Research shows that 77% of patients had little or no knowledge of oral cancer, and only 9.9% of dentists discuss risk factors of oral cancer with all patients (Awojobi et al., 2012; Mavedatnia et al., 2023). However, Awojobi et al. (2012) also noted that while patients are often unaware that oral cancer screening is conducted during dental visits they are receptive to being informed and welcome support from their dentist to reduce their risk.
- [The Mismedicine of ADHD: Overdiagnosis of ADHD in Children](https://mariresearch.com/the-mismedicine-of-adhd-overdiagnosis-of-adhd-in-children/): Medical errors can occur in a multitude of forms, ranging from treatment mistakes to failures in communication or even within diagnosis. One term that captures these diverse failures within healthcare is mismedicine. Dr. Pooya Beigi first coined this term to describe medical actions or systemic issues that result in harm, inefficiency, or care that does not meet accepted standards (Blissy, 2024). Mismedicine includes a wide spectrum of problems, such as misdiagnosis, delayed diagnosis, treatment errors, and systemic failures that would negatively affect patient outcomes. Understanding mismedicine allows healthcare professionals and researchers to analyze how complex factors within medical systems contribute to these errors and patient harm.
- [Diagnostic Errors as a Form of Mismedicine](https://mariresearch.com/diagnostic-errors-as-a-form-of-mismedicine/): Accurate diagnosis is a critical part of medical care because treatment decisions depend on correctly identifying a patient's condition. Failing to diagnose a patient correctly can lead to serious and unnecessary consequences. Diagnostic error refers to situations in which a disease is missed, incorrectly identified, or diagnosed too late (Singh et al., 2017). These inaccuracies can lead to delayed treatment, unnecessary medical procedures, and preventable harm to patients. Research suggests that diagnostic errors affect approximately 5% of U.S. adults in outpatient care each year (Singh et al., 2014).
- [Pediatric Misdiagnosis in Emergency Departments](https://mariresearch.com/pediatric-misdiagnosis-in-emergency-departments/): The impact of diagnostic errors can range from mild to severe, with one important fact that diagnostic errors frequently result in harm to pediatric populations, in which 48.7% of pediatrics experienced moderate harm, and 10% had major harm (Mahjan et al. 2023). In this article, the primary causes, the clinical consequences, and methods to overcome diagnostic errors in pediatric emergency departments will be discussed.
- [Factors Contributing to Misdiagnosis and Delayed Recognition of Delirium in Hospitalized Older Adults](https://mariresearch.com/factors-contributing-to-misdiagnosis-and-delayed-recognition-of-delirium-in-hospitalized-older-adults/): Hospitalized older adults often experience delirium, an acute and fluctuating disturbance in awareness and cognition. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) defines delirium as a disturbance in attention and cognition acquired in a short period of time. It is a preventable and potentially reversible condition that is triggered by other factors such as infections, surgery, and dehydration (Zuluaga et al., 2022). Delirium is characterized by a rapid onset and can impair cognition. It can also cause changes in mood and affect, as well as delusions and hallucinations (Hercus & Abdul-Rahman, 2020). Research indicates that delirium impacts 14% - 56% of hospitalized older adults, with rates rising to 82% for ventilated patients (Hercus & Abdul-Rahman, 2020). Further studies show that older adults who develop delirium during their hospital stay have a higher mortality rate and lower discharge rates (Titlestad et al., 2024), with 35.9% of patients with delirium being discharged to their own homes compared to 80.6% of those without delirium (Eeles et al., 2010). Despite these alarming rates and severe consequences, delirium is often misdiagnosed, with its symptoms being mistaken for cognitive disorders such as dementia (Eeles et al., 2010). Any error in diagnosis can lead to errors in treatment (Blissy, 2024). Broadly, misdiagnosis falls under the category of mismedicine, any medical act that results in harm (Blissy, 2024). Misdiagnosis of delirium can delay appropriate treatment and worsen prognosis for patients (Zuluaga et al., 2022). Identifying factors that contribute to missed or delayed recognition of delirium in hospitalized older adults may help reduce misdiagnosis rates, prevent treatment delays, and improve patient outcomes.
- [Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Comprehensive Examination of Pathogenesis, Global Epidemiology, and Inefficiencies in Clinical Practice](https://mariresearch.com/rheumatoid-arthritis-a-comprehensive-examination-of-pathogenesis-global-epidemiology-and-inefficiencies-in-clinical-practice/): Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a long-term autoimmune disease in which the immune system attacks the joints, causing chronic inflammation (Chauhan et al., 2023; Jahid et al., 2023; Venetsanopoulou et al., 2023). RA remains a major public health concern due to its prevalence, affecting roughly 0.5% to 1% of adults worldwide (Finckh et al., 2022; Jahid et al., 2023; Prasad et al., 2022; Venetsanopoulou et al., 2023). This paper examines the pathophysiology, causes, prevalence, and relevance of rheumatoid arthritis, as well as its relationship to mismedicine.
- [Misleading Communication and the Underdiagnosis of Depression in Men](https://mariresearch.com/misleading-communication-and-the-underdiagnosis-of-depression-in-men/): Diagnostic errors remain a persistent concern in healthcare systems. These errors may occur not only because of incorrect medical knowledge but also because of breakdowns in communication between patients and clinicians. In discussions of healthcare quality, mismedicine is a term introduced by Dr. Pooya Beigi, founder of the Misdiagnosis Association and Research Institute (MARI), to describe situations in which medical care fails to produce the best possible outcomes due to diagnostic delays, misinterpretations, or systemic barriers (Blissy, 2024).
- [Staffing Shortages in Public Healthcare: Neoliberal Policy and Its Consequences for Clinicians and Patients](https://mariresearch.com/staffing-shortages-in-public-healthcare-neoliberal-policy-and-its-consequences-for-clinicians-and-patients/): Staffing shortages are a system-level form of mismedicine. Driven by neoliberal health policy, understaffing represents a patient safety concern with clinical and psychological implications for patients and clinicians. Its severity is underscored by recent projections that estimate a shortage of 117,600 nurses by 2030 in Canada (Buchan & Catton, 2023). This paper analyzes how neoliberal policy priorities contribute to staffing shortages and examines resulting implications for clinicians' well-being and patient outcomes.
- [Dispensing Errors as Mismedicine: Cognitive and Ethical Dimensions of Pharmacy Practice](https://mariresearch.com/dispensing-errors-as-mismedicine-cognitive-and-ethical-dimensions-of-pharmacy-practice/): Dispensing errors in pharmacy practices are common and can pose serious health concerns to patient safety. Some medications may cause severe side effects, and taking the wrong dose can lead to harmful drug interactions. Moreover, these errors raise important ethical and psychological questions about how pharmacists and pharmacy assistants make decisions, perceive responsibility, and apply biomedical ethics principles in their professional practice.
- [Medication Errors in Community Pharmacy as a Form of Mismedicine](https://mariresearch.com/medication-errors-in-community-pharmacy-as-a-form-of-mismedicine/): According to the World Health Organization (2022), medication errors remain one of the most significant and preventable threats to patient safety in modern healthcare systems worldwide, with an estimated annual global cost of approximately $42 billion. These errors can occur at various stages of the medication-use process, including prescribing, dispensing, administration, and patient use (Lee et al., 2025). While diagnostic accuracy is often emphasized in discussions of patient harm, treatment-related failures can be equally consequential. Community pharmacies, which include outpatient retail pharmacies such as local or chain pharmacies where pharmacists dispense prescriptions and provide healthcare services such as vaccinations and medication counseling, represent a critical point within this process, as pharmacists serve as the final checkpoint before medications reach patients. This positioning places pharmacists at the forefront of medication safety and makes community pharmacy a key setting for preventing avoidable harm.
- [Impact of Misdiagnosis in Women’s Health Conditions](https://mariresearch.com/impact-of-misdiagnosis-in-womens-health-conditions/): Misdiagnosis remains a cause of preventable harm in healthcare. Misdiagnosis and delayed diagnosis affect millions of patients annually and are associated with increased morbidity, mortality, and healthcare costs (Newman-Toker & Pronovost, 2009). Evidence indicates that women experience diagnostic errors at higher rates than men across multiple clinical conditions, making diagnostic errors in women’s health a critical and ongoing issue (Hunter et al., 2024).
- [Treatment Delays in Melanoma Care](https://mariresearch.com/treatment-delays-in-melanoma-care/): Melanoma is an aggressive type of skin cancer (Misdiagnosis Association and Research Institution, 2024; Soni et al., 2025). The global burden of melanoma is estimated to increase up to 50%, with approximately a 68% increase in death rates by 2040 (Arnold et al., 2022). These high-burden projections highlight the need for prompt diagnosis and early melanoma care. However, Misdiagnosis, defined as the incorrect identification of a health condition, can contribute to treatment delays and the progression of skin cancer (Blissy, 2024; Misdiagnosis Association and Research Institution, 2025). This article examines melanoma treatment delays, their associated factors, consequences, and recommendations to improve melanoma care.
- [How Can Artificial Intelligence Assist with the  Improvement of Diagnosis and Treatment Plans of Cardiovascular Diseases](https://mariresearch.com/how-can-artificial-intelligence-assist-with-the-improvement-of-diagnosis-and-treatment-plans-of-cardiovascular-diseases/): Artificial intelligence is better at diagnosing a challenging heart condition, wide-complex tachycardia, than general cardiologists (Chow et al., 2024). Artificial intelligence (AI) is the capability of computers to execute complex tasks that are attributed to humans, such as reasoning or learning from previous experiences (Copeland, 2025). The medical use of AI in fields such as medical imaging and cardiology is rapidly increasing (Litjens et al., 2019). It has been reported that AI outperforms existing programs in health data analysis, enabling the evaluation of electrocardiograms used for the assessment of cardiovascular health in a manner that was often overlooked by commonly used methods (Nahar et al., 2013 & Ng et al., 2022). Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death worldwide (World Health Organization , 2025). Additionally, there is strong evidence indicating that sex plays a role in the prevalence, diagnosis, and treatment outcome of cardiovascular diseases, where women are more likely to be misdiagnosed and not receive the proper medical care (Peters et al., 2019). According to Dr. Beigi, mismedicine is defined as any medical act that does not adhere to regulated medical standards and could lead to challenges such as misdiagnosis and mistreatment (Blissy, 2024). Therefore, the integration of AI in the healthcare system, particularly in the field of cardiology, enhances diagnosis accuracy and timeline (Chow et al., 2024). This report aims to draw attention and highlight the benefits of integrating AI in the field of cardiology to improve and enhance the timely diagnosis, appropriate sex-specific treatment plans, and reduce mismedicine.
- [Diagnostic Errors in Women’s Sexual and Reproductive Health](https://mariresearch.com/diagnostic-errors-in-womens-sexual-and-reproductive-health/): A woman with a demanding schedule that includes full-time work, caregiving responsibilities, and regular community involvement has been quietly managing chronic reproductive health symptoms for years. When she seeks care from her primary care provider, her ability to remain outwardly functional leads to reassurance rather than investigation. Her concerns are not perceived as urgent. Further diagnostic evaluation is deferred. Believing the symptoms are normal, she carries on, accommodating her life around the discomfort. Over time, these discomforts begin to interfere with daily life. When her condition is eventually identified, it has progressed to a stage requiring more complex intervention.
- [Delirium Misdiagnosed as Depression: A Critical Source of Mismedicine in Geriatric Care.](https://mariresearch.com/delirium-misdiagnosed-as-depression-a-critical-source-of-mismedicine-in-geriatric-care/): What happens when a medical emergency is mistaken for a chronic mood disorder? This is the reality for 69% of older adults presenting with acute behavioural and cognitive changes. Delirium is a common, acute neuropsychiatric condition experienced by hospitalized elderly patients, clinically recognized as a medical emergency due to its association with high morbidity and mortality (Emekli & Alici, 2025). Despite its prevalence, delirium is commonly underdiagnosed, partly due to its comorbidity with depressive symptoms. Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) often manifests atypically in older adults, with prominent somatic symptoms, withdrawal and apathy rather than overt sadness or guilt, closely resembling hypoactive delirium (Howland et al., 2025). This diagnostic overlap contributes to mismedicine, a term coined by Dr. Pooya Beigi, the founder of the Misdiagnosis Association and Research Institute (MARI). Mismedicine encompasses a broad spectrum of errors in the diagnosis, treatment, and communication that result in preventable harm or substandard care (Blissy, 2024). In this context, misdiagnosis represents a critical and potentially life-threatening form of mismedicine. This paper examines delirium and its overlap with MDD, the consequences of misdiagnosis, and potential strategies to reduce diagnostic errors in older adults.
- [SSRIs and Major Depression Disorder: Effectiveness, Harms, and Practical Steps to Avoid Mismedicine](https://mariresearch.com/ssris-and-major-depression-disorder-effectiveness-harms-and-practical-steps-to-avoid-mismedicine/): Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are among the most commonly prescribed pharmacological treatments for major depressive disorder (MDD) and remain a first-line option in many guidelines (Gabriel et al., 2020; Jakobsen et al., 2017). However, increasing scrutiny of antidepressant outcomes has raised important questions about the magnitude of SSRI benefits and adverse effects, and whether current prescribing practices optimally balance benefit and harm (Jakobsen et al., 2017). This issue is particularly significant given the progressively increasing worldwide impact of depression (Moreno-Agostino et al., 2021).
- [Diagnostic Ambiguity and Mismedicine in Generalized Anxiety Disorder](https://mariresearch.com/diagnostic-ambiguity-and-mismedicine-in-generalized-anxiety-disorder/): Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) is a mental health condition characterized by excessive and persistent worry that interferes with everyday life and is experienced by patients as difficult to control (Kong & Zhang, 2025). This pattern of anxiety is typically sustained for six months or longer. It is accompanied by a range of physical, cognitive, and emotional symptoms, including muscle tension, difficulty concentrating, and sleep disturbances (Matsuyama et al., 2024).
- [Error, Oversights, and Delays: Exploring Mismedicine in Female ADHD Diagnosis](https://mariresearch.com/error-oversights-and-delays-exploring-mismedicine-in-female-adhd-diagnosis/): Recognition of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in girls and women has lagged behind for decades, leaving many to navigate childhood, adolescence, and early adulthood without an explanation for their struggles. Despite experiencing clinically significant symptoms, females are consistently diagnosed years later than males and often only after prolonged academic, social, and clinical difficulties (Agnew‐Blais, 2024; Klefsjö et al., 2021; Skoglund et al., 2024). This pattern exemplifies what Dr. Pooya Beigi, founder of the Misdiagnosis Association and Research Institute (MARI), describes as mismedicine, which refers to the wide range of diagnostic, treatment, communication, and system-level errors that lead to preventable harm, inefficiency, or a failure to meet the standard of care (Beigi, 2019). Drawing on relevant literature and Dr. Beigi’s insights, this paper will examine why women and girls experience delayed ADHD diagnosis and treatment, its consequences, and the evidence-informed interventions that can reduce this form of mismedicine.
- [Misdiagnosis: Definition, Scope, Consequences, and Solutions in Healthcare](https://mariresearch.com/misdiagnosis-definition-scope-consequences-and-solutions-in-healthcare/): Misdiagnosis is a silent crisis in healthcare that affects millions of patients worldwide. It occurs when a health condition is incorrectly identified, leading to a wrong, missed, or delayed diagnosis. In simple terms, a misdiagnosis means the clinician got it wrong—either naming the wrong illness, overlooking the illness entirely, or discovering it much later than ideal.
- [MARI Environment](https://mariresearch.com/mari-environment/)
- [Medical Treatment Errors: Systemic Failures, Diagnostic Oversights, and Ethical Imperatives](https://mariresearch.com/medical-treatment-errors-systemic-failures-diagnostic-oversights-and-ethical-imperatives/): Introduction
- [Errors in Medicine](https://mariresearch.com/errors-in-medicine/): Introduction
- [Errors in Treatment](https://mariresearch.com/errors-in-treatment/): Introduction
- [Understanding and Addressing the Silent Crisis of Misdiagnosis in Medicine](https://mariresearch.com/understanding-and-addressing-the-silent-crisis-of-misdiagnosis-in-medicine/): Introduction
- [Errors in Treatment: Understanding Medication Related Errors and Its Impacts](https://mariresearch.com/errors-in-treatment-understanding-medication-related-errors-and-its-impacts/): Introduction
- [Misdiagnosis in Medicine](https://mariresearch.com/misdiagnosis-in-medicine/): Introduction
- [Malaria: A Comprehensive Guide to Symptoms, Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention](https://mariresearch.com/malaria-a-comprehensive-guide-to-symptoms-diagnosis-treatment-and-prevention/): Objective: This article aims to educate healthcare professionals, patients, and at-risk populations on malaria’s diagnosis, treatment, and prevention strategies to improve disease management.
- [Understanding Multiple System Atroph](https://mariresearch.com/understanding-multiple-system-atroph/): Objective: This article aims to educate individuals with Multiple System Atrophy, their support network, and clinicians on the disease’s symptoms, diagnosis process, treatment strategies, and available resources to improve care and management.
- [Epidermolysis Bullosa (EB)](https://mariresearch.com/epidermolysis-bullosa-eb/): Epidermolysis bullosa (EB) is a rare genetic skin disorder associated with chronic ulcers. EB makes the skin so fragile that any friction, mild trauma, and wound to the epidermis can lead to painful blisters. (Figure 1) (1). Although EB is a rare condition, its prevalence is 1-25 per million population, and it has an incidence of 2-54 per million live births. (2) Due to the delicate nature of the skin, children with EB are often referred to as "Butterfly Children", drawing a comparison to the fragile wings of a butterfly. (1) Unfortunately, EB has no cure, and all the treatments are limited to managing, preventing and alleviating its complication. (2)There are four types of EB: EB simplex , junctional EB, dystrophic EB  and Kindler EB. (3) Apart from wound healing complications, based on the subtype and the affected protein, patients may suffer from different complications. For example, some patients may develop squamous cell carcinomas (2) or in severe cases, EB can extend beyond the skin, affecting other organs. (Figure 2) (1,10)
- [Mental and Physical Health of Children](https://mariresearch.com/mental-and-physical-health-of-children/): Although reproduction is essential for the evolution of species, an individual can choose to go through the motions of life without having children. However, having children contributes to population expansion, and brings joy and warmth into one's life. Therefore it is important to care for the child and ensure both their mental and physical health throughout their childhood. Although incidence estimates vary from country to country, it has been estimated that almost half of the American children have a chronic illness during their childhood (O'Loughlin et al., 2022).
- [Avian influenza](https://mariresearch.com/avian-influenza/): Influenza A virus, also known as the avian influenza virus (AIV), is considered a multi-host virus (Naguib et al., 2019). Wild birds of the order Anseriformes (ducks, swans and geese) and Charadriiformes (gulls, terns and waders) are the main transmitters of influenza A virus, so-called avian influenza virus (AIV) (Naguib et al., 2019). Wild birds can transmit AIV to domestic birds followed by transmission to humans, so-called zoonotic infections (Naguib et al., 2019).
- [Love your Liver](https://mariresearch.com/love-your-liver/): The liver is an organ that is served to produce clotting factors and other proteins, detoxify harmful products of metabolism, and excrete bile (1). Since the liver performs many essential tasks, keeping it healthy should be necessary. Otherwise, chronic liver disease (CLD) may develop through inflammation, regeneration, and destruction, which can be harmful, especially when it reaches the final stage called cirrhosis (1 in 400 US adults have cirrhosis) (1).
- [Cancer](https://mariresearch.com/cancer/): In short, cancer is a very severe condition varying in over 100 different diseases. In the case of cancer, cancerous cells can start to develop anywhere in the body and form tumours. We are made of billions of cells which grow, divide and die as a natural effect of life throughout our lifetime. Cancer is the condition in which those abnormal or old cells which are supposed to die don't die, and our body keeps making new cells. Because the number of cells is not natural anymore, they may crowd normal healthy cells and make the body's functions more difficult. This is because the growth of cells is out of the body's control, and this usually happens over time.
- [Yoga and its Effect on our Lifestyle](https://mariresearch.com/yoga-and-its-effect-on-our-lifestyle/): Yoga is a collection of physical, mental, and spiritual disciplines rooted in ancient India. They are meant to calm the mind and help practitioners recognize an objective witness awareness unaffected by mental chatter and everyday suffering. Yoga is a holistic way of life that combines asanas (postures), pranayamas (breathing techniques), and dhyana (meditation) to promote physical, mental, and spiritual well-being. It has been demonstrated that yoga has a number of positive impacts on quality of life (QOL), stress management, and the prevention of lifestyle diseases like diabetes, hypertension, and cardiovascular diseases (Jain et al., 2022).
- [COVID 19 Update](https://mariresearch.com/covid-19-update/): In late 2019, a new type of coronavirus called severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) rapidly spread worldwide (1). The virus has caused an outbreak of viral pneumonia named COVID-19 (1). The World Health Organization (WHO) considered it a pandemic on March 11, 2020 (1). Since then, there have been over 670 million cases and 6.7 million deaths (2). To address the alarming rate of rising issues, numerous health organizations and professionals collaborated to create policies and guidelines to minimize the likelihood of transmitting COVID-19, hospitalizations, and fatalities (3).
- [Healthy Habits to help protect and Prevent the Flu](https://mariresearch.com/healthy-habits-to-help-protect-and-prevent-the-flu/): ​Flu is a contagious respiratory disease caused by the influenza virus (Sitzman, 2004). It is possible to hospitalize patients due to flu-related complications (Sitzman, 2004). Moreover, death might occur due to flu infection (Sitzman, 2004). Landing of respiratory droplets from sneezing and coughing of patients on the mouth and nose of healthy people is the transmission mode of the flu (Sitzman, 2004). Furthermore, healthy people can contract the virus by touching objects contaminated with infected respiratory droplets (Sitzman, 2004). Flu has an incubation period of 1-4 days (Sitzman, 2004). Infected individuals can transmit the virus to others one day before their symptoms start and up to 5 days after feeling sick (Sitzman, 2004). Flu season is between December and March (Sitzman, 2004).
- [Immunization](https://mariresearch.com/immunization/): The immune system within our body is considered a vast network of organs, chemicals, white blood cells, and of course, proteins mostly called antibodies. If any foreign invaders enter your body and the immune system detects and identifies them as threats, it will proceed to kill and destroy them to prevent the body from being harmed. A healthy lifestyle that consists of following a well-planned workout routine and a balanced, nutrient-rich diet while maintaining your weight can help keep your immune system active.
- [Common dental problems and lifestyle tips for better oral health](https://mariresearch.com/common-dental-problems-and-lifestyle-tips-for-better-oral-health/): As an essential part of our overall health, dental and oral health is important to the point where having a poor oral and dental hygiene can lead to a number of problems regarding both the teeth, gums and etc. related to our oral condition as well as a number of other conditions which are linked to our oral health status like heart disease, cancer, and diabetes.
- [Why are Lyme disease, chronic fatigue syndrome and Mononucleosis misdiagnosed with each other?](https://mariresearch.com/why-are-lyme-disease-chronic-fatigue-syndrome-and-mononucleosis-misdiagnosed-with-each-other/): Misdiagnosis or medical error have been around since the first two health conditions with similar symptoms were found, actually even before that, illnesses could be misdiagnosed because the condition is not what it was diagnosed either due to lack of information or because that specific condition was not yet discovered at all.

## Pages
- [MARI Africa](https://mariresearch.com/mariafrica/): Advancing healthcare research, education and patient safety across Africa.
- [MARI Turkey](https://mariresearch.com/mariturkey/): Advancing patient safety, combating misdiagnosis, and delivering equitable healthcare access across Turkey.
- [MAIN](https://mariresearch.com/main/): MARI
- [GLADE](https://mariresearch.com/glade/): Global Learning Academy for Dermatology Education
- [Investing in Prevention. Transforming Public Health.](https://mariresearch.com/investing-in-prevention-transforming-public-health/): A structured program focused on identifying high-risk individuals and enabling early diagnosis through systematic screening approaches.
- [KIDERM](https://mariresearch.com/kiderm/): A school-based program designed to reduce the spread of contagious skin conditions through early education, awareness, and prevention.
- [HEROSCREEN](https://mariresearch.com/heroscreen/): Precision screening for high-risk public safety professionals.
- [MIDAP](https://mariresearch.com/midap/): MARI International Dermatology Access Program
- [Research Assistant Certification Program](https://mariresearch.com/certification-course/): The Remote Research Assistant Program is a one-year, part-time experiential learning opportunity offered by MARI (Misdiagnosis Association and Research Institute). This program is designed to build foundational skills in scientific communication, knowledge translation, and research dissemination. Through 10–15 structured tasks spread over the course of a year, students will contribute to research projects and outreach efforts while developing key competencies that prepare them for future academic or health-related careers.
- [MARI AI](https://mariresearch.com/mari-ai/): MARI AI is the artificial intelligence and digital innovation branch of the Misdiagnosis Association and Research Institute (MARI). We believe that technology, when applied responsibly, can help reduce healthcare errors, improve efficiency, and expand access to care. However, the rapid adoption of AI in medicine also introduces new risks of mismedicine if algorithms are inaccurate, biased, or poorly integrated into clinical workflows.
- [MARI Environment](https://mariresearch.com/mari-environment/): MARI Environment is dedicated to understanding how environmental factors influence health outcomes and contribute to mismedicine. Healthcare often focuses narrowly on symptoms and treatments without recognizing the broader environmental exposures such as air quality, climate change, pollution, nanoplastics, occupational hazards, and living conditions that play a critical role in disease development, misdiagnosis, and overall patient well-being.
- [MARI Kids](https://mariresearch.com/mari-kids/): A division of the Misdiagnosis Association and Research Institute (MARI)
- [MARI Senior](https://mariresearch.com/mari-senior/): A division of the Misdiagnosis Association and Research Institute (MARI)
- [MARI Youth](https://mariresearch.com/mari-youth/): Youth Opportunity to Uplift, Train, and Hope
- [Educational Articles](https://mariresearch.com/a-to-z/): Explore MARI content grouped into three main categories.
- [Registration](https://mariresearch.com/registration/): If you encounter any issues during the registration process, kindly send an email to registration@mariresearch.com with your inquiry, and we will assist you promptly.
- [Privacy Policy](https://mariresearch.com/privacy-policy/): This is the website of MARI Research including its subsidiaries. ("we" "our"). This notice describes our online privacy policy.
- [MARI Clinic Online](https://mariresearch.com/mari-clinic-online/): MARI Online Clinic (MOC) aims to connect patients with world-class physicians and specialists worldwide to provide the most accurate diagnosis for their health concerns. With a vision to gain patients' trust by offering the best options for a diagnosis, and a mission to help reduce the number of misdiagnosis cases, MOC is dedicated to improving the quality of life for patients through online-based care. 
- [MARI Media](https://mariresearch.com/mari-media/): Making healthcare accessible and easily understood by all.
- [MARI CHARITY](https://mariresearch.com/mari-charity/): From Harm to Healing: Restoring Trust in Healthcare
- [MARI MEDICAL CLINIC](https://mariresearch.com/mari-medical-clinic/): When Care Is Out of Reach, We Bring It to You.
- [MARI Technology](https://mariresearch.com/mari-technology/): Redesigning and Advancing the Future of Medicine Through Innovation and Education
- [MARI VET](https://mariresearch.com/mari-vet/): A division of the Misdiagnosis Association and Research Institute (MARI)
- [MARI Nutrition](https://mariresearch.com/mari-nutrition/): MARI Nutrition branch specialises in healthy eating and its impact on disease prevention. MARI Nutrition recognises that not everyone can access high-quality food and therefore seeks to advise and share information on healthy and affordable food. 
- [MARI LAW](https://mariresearch.com/mari-law/): Where Justice Meets Medicine
- [MARI Education](https://mariresearch.com/mari-education/): Because Knowing Could Save a Life.
- [MARI Research](https://mariresearch.com/mari-research/): The Misdiagnosis Association and Research Institution MARI, also known as MARI, is a research organisation dedicated to researching “Misdiagnosis,” “Error in Treatment,” “Malpractice,” and overall, all errors happening in the healthcare and medical fields.
- [Our Organization](https://mariresearch.com/our-organization/): The Misdiagnosis Association and Research Institute, is also known as MARI for short. This research organization is committed to conducting research on topics relating to “Misdiagnosis”, “Errors in Treatment”, “Malpractice” and as a whole, errors that may occur in the healthcare and medical fields.
- [About MARI Research](https://mariresearch.com/about-mari/): The Misdiagnosis Association and Research Institute, known as MARI or MARI Research, is an international, non-profit organization consisting of physicians, nurses, pharmacists, students and other professionals to assist healthcare providers and the general public in preventing misdiagnosis and errors in medicine. It was founded by Dr. Pooya Khanmohammad Beigi, also known as Dr. Pooya Beigi and Dr. Beigi. MARI is dedicated to research, education and initiatives addressing misdiagnosis, errors in treatment, medication errors, communication failures, systemic healthcare problems and the wider spectrum of error in medicine and healthcare. MARI officially identifies itself as the first and only organization in the world dedicated exclusively and comprehensively to all aspects of error in medicine and healthcare. Dr. Pooya Beigi coined the term Mismedicine in 2010 to describe this broader spectrum of failures and errors throughout the healthcare journey. Through its work and publications, MARI aims to remove the limitations and boundaries placed on healthcare and improve quality of life by providing excellent and equitable care to all.
- [MARI Robotics](https://mariresearch.com/mari-robotics/): ABOUT US Robotics is a branch of MARI that facilitates research and advancements in robotic surgery, practice and understanding. MARI Robotics allows the expansion of medical world into the world of technology and robotics.WHAT WE DO Robotic (including Nano - robotic ) department of MARI has been set up for the following purposes: Improvement of medic al facilities and avoid illnesses and saving people's lives. Development of Productivity and Efficiency of available facilities Production of new medical innovative devices Producing MD assistant robots such as Nano robots More over, this group has been always representing innovations in this field by combining science and technology and medical science to save more patients’ lives.
- [MARI Pharmaceutical](https://mariresearch.com/mari-pharmaceutical/): WHAT WE DO ​MARI Pharmaceutical is a branch under MARI that specializes in pharmaceutical sciences. Our goal is to encourage public awareness, innovation, and a standard of excellence. We will achieve this by: • Educating the public on common medications and disorders • Setting a new standard to test existing medications in order to provide the best care for patients • Innovating new products that are pharmaceutically elegant and effective while minimizing adverse effects • MARI Pharmaceuticals puts the patient first. All our endeavours aim improve the care that can be provided for patients as they form the heart of MARI Pharmaceuticals.ABOUT USMARI is an ever expanding enterprise of which we are proud to be a part. With partners across several fields, we have the resources to truly grow to our full potential. We strive tobecome bigger and better with no signs on of slowing down.STEPS TO OUR GOALSMARI Pharmaceuticals maybe new but we think big.We are planning for a future where we excel in our field with sectors dedicated to numerous endeavors. As we have just started our journey, there are many steps which we have to take. our goals for the first year emphasize our values and optimism.MARI pharmaceiticals aims to spread awareness and help patients understand which medications they are taking and whether they beneficial for them.
- [MARI IT](https://mariresearch.com/mari-it/): WHAT WE DO ​The IT department is the strategic heart of an institution. In fact, the relationship between today's world and people is made by this sector, and all of the Institute's strategic strategies are in the context of the technologies in this sector that can be accessed using artificial intelligence processes. In fact, this branch seeks to maintain the freshness, vibrancy and dynamism of the entire institution by the designs and individuals of this department OUR MISSIONIn fact, this branch seeks to maintain the freshness, vibrancy and dynamism of the entire institution by the designs and individuals of this departmentPROJECTSHealth software: a software that allows access to all patient files for a physician regardless of office and practice location this software allows traking of prescriptions, ordering prescription delivery and uses AR technology and google speech. Virtual Reality Physician s: Doctors that are able to be there with you with a click of a button.
- [MARI Business](https://mariresearch.com/mari-business/): WHAT WE DO ​MARI Business strives to be one of the best business consultant firms in the US and intentionally with a variety of services to help promote sustainable and economic growth of communities and organizations around the world.OUR VISION To establish and develop the MARI holding company
To provide the highest quality business services and ensure a sustainable establishment and growth To understand and analyze our clients’ needs and problems To maximize our clients' business potential. To provide a better understanding of client situations and decisions
ABOUT USMARI Business group was born in 2018 at at the beginning stages of establishing MARI.This group is still working on expanding MARI and its subsidiaries as its main mission and will continue to help MARI infuture as well as providing consulting service for external organizations as an independent job.this business group is in the process of starting up and will grow bigger and stronger very soon.OUR SERVICESImplementation: preparing business map, distribution channels, target market, etc. Sales & Marketing: researching markets, analyzing competitors and suppliers, improve customer services, etc. Finance & Accounting: Design and implement budgets and forecasts.analyze cash flow. Audits and reports, etc. Growth & Development: analyze current and future resources, strategic planning, etc.
Business Analysis & Problem Solving :assessing business scenario reviewing reviewing business process flow, Human Resources Management: staffing & recruiting, performance, motivation, etc
- [Founder & President](https://mariresearch.com/president/): President FacebookTwitterEnvelopeLinkedin
Introduction Pooya Khan Mohammad Beigi, MD, MSc, MPH is a Dermatologist (London, UK), a Clinical Research Fellow (University of British Columbia, Canada), and the Founder and President of the Misdiagnosis Association and Research Institute - MARI (Beverly Hills, USA)Mismedicine He is the Founder and President of MisMedicine Research Institute (Beverly Hills, USA), the President/Owner of NWM Medical Clinic (Canada), and the Founder/CEO of Father Medical Charity (Canada). Dr. Beigi is the Scientific Advisory Board Member of Dyne Immune Institute for Translational Medicine and Research (New York, USA) and NMB Therapeutics (New York, USA).MARIMARI was founded in 2012 by Dr. Pooya with the goal of collecting and preparing the most comprehensive database of misdiagnosed cases and medical errors, as well as conducting related medical research studies in collaboration with various health organizations, universities, clinics, professors, and physicians from across the globe. Medical CharityDr. Pooya KM Beigi founded the Father Medical Charity with the mission of helping patients in need, especially those in underdeveloped countries. This charity collaborates with the physicians and nurses working in underdeveloped countries who identify and refer patients to this charity in order to receive the necessary medications or treatment facilitation. PublicationsDr. Pooya has authored several medical textbooks including Acrodermatitis Enteropathica; A Clinician's Guide (2015), A Clinician's Guide to Mycosis Fungoides (2016), A Clinician's Guide to Pemphigus Vulgaris (2016), A Clinician's Guide to Psoriasis (2017), A Clinician's Guide to Vitiligo and other Hypopigmentation Disorders (2017), and A Clinician's Guide to Alopecia Areata (2017).
- [MARI DENTAL CLINIC](https://mariresearch.com/mari-online-medical-clinic/): A division of the Misdiagnosis Association and Research Institute (MARI)
- [MARI REF](https://mariresearch.com/mariref/): MARIref is Under Construction
- [Books](https://mariresearch.com/books/): MARI has published more than 198 scientific papers/articles and various textbooks touching on subjects such as acrodermatitis enteropathica. mycosis fungoides, pemphigus vulgaris, psoriasis, vitiligo, alopecia areata, and so on.
- [Our Research Team](https://mariresearch.com/our-team/): MARI is an international research organization consisting of physicians, nurses, pharmacists, graduate, and undergraduate students and other professionals to assist healthcare providers and general public in preventing misdiagnosis and errors in medicine.
- [Contact us](https://mariresearch.com/contact-us/)
- [Home](https://mariresearch.com/)
- [Events](https://mariresearch.com/blog/)